About the Authors

Anna L. David

a.david@ucl.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute for Women's Health, University College London, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Andrew Holloway

Affiliation Institute for Women's Health, University College London, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Louise Thomasson

Affiliation Institute for Women's Health, University College London, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Argyro Syngelaki

Affiliation Harris Birthright Centre, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Kypros Nicolaides

Affiliation Harris Birthright Centre, King's College Hospital, London, and Institute for Women's Health, University College London, United Kingdom

Roshni R. Patel

Affiliation Fetal Medicine Unit, St Michael's Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom

Brian Sommerlad

Affiliation North-Thames Cleft Lip and Palate Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom

Amie Wilson

Affiliation Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom

William Martin

Affiliation Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Lyn S. Chitty

Affiliation Clinical and Molecular Genetics Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, and University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ALD LS. Performed the experiments: ALD AH LT AS KN RRP BS AW WM LSC. Analyzed the data: ALD LS. Wrote the paper: ALD AH LT AS KN RRP BS AW WM LSC. Statistical assistance: PS PB CPJ.