About the Authors

Martin Stevens

martin.stevens@exeter.ac.uk

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Alice E. Lown

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Alexander M. Denton

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MS AD AEL. Performed the experiments: AEL AD MS. Analyzed the data: MS. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: MS AEL. Calibrated the images and measured them: AEL AD. Undertook visual modelling of the data: MS.