About the Authors

Tsunehito Higashi

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yosuke Mai

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yoichi Noya

Affiliation Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Takahiro Horinouchi

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Koji Terada

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Akimasa Hoshi

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Prabha Nepal

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Takuya Harada

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Mika Horiguchi

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Chizuru Hatate

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Yuji Kuge

Affiliation Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Soichi Miwa

smiwa@med.hokudai.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: T. Higashi SM. Performed the experiments: T. Higashi YM YN AH PN T. Harada MH CH. Analyzed the data: T. Higashi T. Horinouchi KT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YK. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: T. Higashi SM.