About the Authors

Julian W. Tang

Contributed equally to this work with: Julian W. Tang, Caroline X. Gao

jwtang49@hotmail.com

Affiliations Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada, Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Caroline X. Gao

Contributed equally to this work with: Julian W. Tang, Caroline X. Gao

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Benjamin J. Cowling

Affiliation School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Gerald C. Koh

Affiliation Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Daniel Chu

Affiliation School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Cherie Heilbronn

Affiliations Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Belinda Lloyd

Affiliations Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Centre, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Australia, Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Jovan Pantelic

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Andre D. Nicolle

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

Christian A. Klettner

Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

J. S. Malik Peiris

Affiliation School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Chandra Sekhar

Affiliation Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

David K. W. Cheong

Affiliation Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Kwok Wai Tham

Affiliation Department of Building, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Evelyn S. C. Koay

Affiliations Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

Wendy Tsui

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China

Alfred Kwong

Affiliation Department of Family Medicine and Primary Healthcare, Hong Kong West Cluster, Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China

Kitty Chan

Affiliation University Health Service, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Yuguo Li

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

Competing Interests

BJC has received research funding from MedImmune Inc. and Sanofi Pasteur, and consults for Crucell NV. BJC and JWT are both Academic Editors for PLOS ONE. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JWT CXG BJC GCK JSMP YL. Performed the experiments: JWT CXG GCK DC JP ADN CAK. Analyzed the data: JWT CXG GCK DC JP ADN CAK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JWT CXG BJC GCK JP ADN CAK JSMP CS DKWC KWT ESCK YL. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: JWT CXG BJC GCK DC. Recruited the influenza-infected volunteers for the Hong Kong study: AK KC WT. Assisted CXG in critically reviewing the manuscript for the Hong Kong study: BL CH.