About the Authors

Lloyd A. C. Chapman

Affiliations Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Rebecca J. Shipley

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, UCL, London, United Kingdom

Jonathan P. Whiteley

Affiliation Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Marianne J. Ellis

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

Helen M. Byrne

Affiliations Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Sarah L. Waters

waters@maths.ox.ac.uk

Affiliation Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: LACC RJS JPW HMB SLW. Performed the experiments: LACC RJS MJE. Analyzed the data: LACC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MJE. Wrote the paper: LACC. Edited and proofread manuscript: RJS JPW HMB SLW. Helped with writing code for numerical simulations: JPW.