About the Authors

Chau-Zen Wang

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Yi-Jen Chen

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Yan-Hsiung Wang

Affiliations Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Ming-Long Yeh

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Mao-Hsiung Huang

Affiliations Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Mei-Ling Ho

Affiliations Department of Physiology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Jen-I Liang

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan

Chia-Hsin Chen

chchen@kmu.edu.tw

Affiliations Orthopaedic Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CZW YHW CHC. Performed the experiments: CZW YJC MLY JIL CHC. Analyzed the data: CZW YHW MHH MLH CHC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CZW YHW YJC MLY CHC. Contributed to the writing of the manuscript: CZW YJC YHW CHC.