About the Authors

Shu-Chen Chu

Contributed equally to this work with: Shu-Chen Chu, Yih-Shou Hsieh

Affiliation Institute and Department of Food Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

Yih-Shou Hsieh

Contributed equally to this work with: Shu-Chen Chu, Yih-Shou Hsieh

Affiliations Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Cheng-Chia Yu

Affiliations Institute of Oral Science, School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Yi-Yeh Lai

Affiliation Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

Pei-Ni Chen

Email: peini@csmu.edu.tw

Affiliations Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YSH PNC. Performed the experiments: CCY YYL. Analyzed the data: SCC YSH PNC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YSH SCC. Wrote the paper: PNC.