About the Authors

Carrie Batten

Contributed equally to this work with: Carrie Batten, Karin Darpel

carrie.batten@pirbright.ac.uk

Affiliation Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Karin Darpel

Contributed equally to this work with: Carrie Batten, Karin Darpel

Affiliations Vaccinology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

Mark Henstock

Affiliation Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Petra Fay

Affiliation Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Eva Veronesi

Affiliation Entomology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Simon Gubbins

Affiliation Centre for Integrative Biology, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Samantha Graves

Affiliation Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Lorraine Frost

Affiliation Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom

Christopher Oura

Affiliations Non Vesicular Reference Laboratory, The Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CB KD EV CO. Performed the experiments: CB KD MH PF EV S. Graves LF. Analyzed the data: CB EV S. Gubbins MH LF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CB MH LF S. Graves S. Gubbins PF EV. Wrote the paper: CB KD EV CO S. Gubbins MH LF.