About the Authors

Ariko Fukushima

Affiliation Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan

Reiko Yagi

Affiliation Department of Early Childhood Education, Tokyo Seitoku College, Tokyo, Japan

Norie Kawai

Affiliations Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan, Research Council, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Manabu Honda

Affiliation Department of Functional Brain Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan

Emi Nishina

nishina@ouj.ac.jp

Affiliations Department of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Chiba, Japan, Department of Cyber Society and Culture, School of Cultural and Social Studies, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan

Tsutomu Oohashi

Affiliation Department of Research and Development, Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AF RY NK MH EN TO. Performed the experiments: AF RY NK EN TO. Analyzed the data: AF RY MH EN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NK EN TO. Wrote the paper: AF MH EN TO.