About the Authors

Giacomo Rossi

Affiliation School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

Graziano Pengo

Affiliation Clinic “St. Antonio”, Cremona, Italy

Marco Caldin

Affiliation San Marco Laboratories, Padova, Italy

Angela Palumbo Piccionello

Affiliation School of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy

Jörg M. Steiner

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Noah D. Cohen

Affiliation Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Albert E. Jergens

Affiliation Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America

Jan S. Suchodolski

jsuchodolski@cvm.tamu.edu

Affiliation Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

VSL Pharmaceuticals supplied the probiotic strains used in this study. Graziano Pengo is employed by Clinic “St. Antonio” and Marco Caldin by San Marco Laboratories. There are no further patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. Jan Suchodolski is a member of the PLOS ONE Editorial Board. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GR GP AEJ JSS. Performed the experiments: GR GP MC APP JSS. Analyzed the data: GR NDC AEJ JMS JSS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: GR GP MC APP. Wrote the paper: GR JMS NDC AEJ JSS.