About the Authors

Erin V. W. Andrew

erinvwandrew@gmail.com

Affiliation Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Christopher Pell

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Angeline Angwin

Affiliation Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea

Alma Auwun

Affiliation Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea

Job Daniels

Affiliation Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea

Ivo Mueller

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea, Infection & Immunity Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia

Suparat Phuanukoonnon

Affiliation Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea

Robert Pool

Affiliations Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Centre for Social Science and Global Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors acknowledge that co-author Ivo Mueller is an Editorial Board member for PLOS ONE. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RP EA. Performed the experiments: EA AA AA JD. Analyzed the data: EA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: EA CP. Wrote the paper: EA CP. Made substantial contributions to data collection through supervising activities: EA RP SP. Critically revised the manuscript: EA CP RP. Agreed with the final version of the manuscript: EA CP RP SP IM JD AA AA.