About the Authors

Kai Zhang

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Liting Duan

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Qunxiang Ong

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Ziliang Lin

Affiliation Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Pooja Mahendra Varman

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Kijung Sung

Affiliation Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Bianxiao Cui

bcui@stanford.edu

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KZ LD QO BC. Performed the experiments: KZ LD QO KS. Analyzed the data: KZ LD QO PMV KS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KZ LD QO PMV ZL KS. Wrote the paper: KZ LD QO BC.