About the Authors

Yoshihisa Shimizu

Affiliation WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Heike Boehm

Affiliations Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany, CSF Biomaterials and Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg, Germany

Kazuo Yamaguchi

Affiliation Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Research Institute for Photofunctionalized Materials, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan

Joachim P. Spatz

Affiliations Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany, Department of Biophysical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg, Germany

Jun Nakanishi

NAKANISHI.Jun@nims.go.jp

Affiliation WPI Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: YS HB JPS JN. Performed the experiments: YS JN. Analyzed the data: YS JN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HB KY JPS. Wrote the paper: JN.