About the Authors

Bryony N. Parsons

Contributed equally to this work with: Bryony N. Parsons, Paul Wigley

Affiliation Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Paul Wigley

Contributed equally to this work with: Bryony N. Parsons, Paul Wigley

Affiliation Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, United Kingdom

Hannah L. Simpson

Affiliation Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Jonathan M. Williams

Affiliation Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Suzie Humphrey

Affiliation Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, United Kingdom

Anne-Marie Salisbury

Affiliation Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, United Kingdom

Alastair J. M. Watson

Affiliations Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom

Stephen C. Fry

Affiliation The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

David O'Brien

Affiliation Provexis plc, c/o Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Carol L. Roberts

Affiliations Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Provexis plc, c/o Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Niamh O'Kennedy

Affiliation Provexis plc, c/o Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

Åsa V. Keita

Affiliation Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Johan D. Söderholm

Affiliation Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

Jonathan M. Rhodes

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Barry J. Campbell

bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Gastroenterology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

JMR is/has been a member of advisory boards for Atlantic, Procter & Gamble and Falk, has received speaking honoraria from Abbott, Falk, Ferring, Glaxo Smith Kline, Procter & Gamble and Schering Plough and, with the University of Liverpool and Provexis plc, holds a patent for use of a soluble fibre preparation as maintenance therapy for Crohn's disease. JMR, BJC, PW and AJMW have received support from Provexis plc. NO is a current employee, and CLR and DO were former employees, of Provexis plc. BJC has received a speaking honorarium from Amgen Inc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJMW BJC JDS JMR NO PW SCF. Performed the experiments: A-MS AVK BNP CLR DO HLS PW SCF SH. Analyzed the data: AVK BJC BNP JDS JMR JW PW SCF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NO. Wrote the paper: BJC BNP JMR PW. Critical revision and approval of the manuscript: AJMW AVK A-MS BJC BNP CLR DO HLS JDS JMR NO PW SCF SH.