About the Authors

Xin Chen

chenxin@mail.nih.gov (XC); oppenhej@mail.nih.gov (JJO)

Affiliations Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Yuan Yang

Affiliation Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Qiong Zhou

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Jonathan M. Weiss

Affiliation Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

OlaMae Zack Howard

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

John M. McPherson

Affiliation Genzyme Corporation, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lalage M. Wakefield

Affiliation Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Joost J. Oppenheim

chenxin@mail.nih.gov (XC); oppenhej@mail.nih.gov (JJO)

Affiliation Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have no financial conflict of interest, except for Dr. John M. McPherson who was a former employee of Genzyme Corporation, and he retired from this company earlier this year. Xin Chen is an employee of Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. (formerly known as SAIC-Frederick), which is a contractor of NCI. This manuscript is not involved in any product and patent from Leidos Biomedical Research Inc. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XC LMW JJO. Performed the experiments: XC YY QZ JMW OMZH. Analyzed the data: XC YY QZ LMW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMM. Wrote the paper: XC LMW JJO.