About the Authors

Robert Gross

grossr@mail.med.upenn.edu

Affiliations Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Scarlett L. Bellamy

Affiliation Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jennifer Chapman

Affiliation Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Xiaoyan Han

Affiliation Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Jacqueline O’Duor

Affiliation Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Brian L. Strom

Affiliations Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Center for Pharmacoepidemiology Research and Training, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Peter S. Houts

Affiliation Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Steven C. Palmer

Affiliation Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

James C. Coyne

Affiliations Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Health Psychology Section, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RG PSH BLS SCP JCC. Performed the experiments: RG JO JC SCP JCC BLS. Analyzed the data: RG XH SLB JC. Wrote the paper: RG SLB XH JC JO PSH BLS SCP JCC.