About the Authors

Natenael B. Semmineh

Affiliations Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Junzhong Xu

Affiliations Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Jerrold L. Boxerman

Affiliations Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Gary W. Delaney

Affiliation CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia

Paul W. Cleary

Affiliation CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences, Clayton South, Victoria, Australia

John C. Gore

Affiliations Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

C. Chad Quarles

chad.quarles@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliations Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NS CQ JX. Performed the experiments: NS. Analyzed the data: NS JB CQ. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NS JX JB GD PC JG. Wrote the paper: NS JB CQ.