About the Authors

David Pelletier

Affiliation Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada

Melissa Clark

Affiliation The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Resource Office, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mark G. Anderson

Affiliation The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Resource Office, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bronwyn Rayfield

Affiliation Department of Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada

Michael A. Wulder

Affiliation Canadian Forest Service (Pacific Forestry Centre), Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada

Jeffrey A. Cardille

jeffrey.cardille@mcgill.ca

Affiliation Department of Natural Resource Sciences and McGill School of Environment, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Québec, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DP MC MGA JAC. Performed the experiments: DP MC. Analyzed the data: DP MC MGA BR MW JAC. Wrote the paper: DP MC MGA BR MW JAC. Suggested refinements to the method and analyses: BR MW.