About the Authors

Nami Okubo

* Email: nokubo@tku.ac.jp

Current address: Department of Economics, Tokyo Keizai University, Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan

Affiliations Research and Education Center for Natural Sciences, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan, Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Takuma Mezaki

Affiliation Kuroshio Biological Research Foundation, Hata, Kochi, Japan

Yoko Nozawa

Affiliation Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

Yoshikatsu Nakano

Affiliation Tropical Biosphere Research Center, Sesoko Station, Ryukyu University, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan

Yi-Ting Lien

Affiliation Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan

Hironobu Fukami

Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, Japan

David C. Hayward

Affiliation Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Eldon E. Ball

Affiliation Evolution, Ecology and Genetics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NO. Performed the experiments: NO. Analyzed the data: NO DCH EEB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NO TM Y. Nozawa Y. Nakano Y-TL HF. Wrote the manuscript: NO DCH EEB. Collected specimens: NO TM Y. Nozawa Y. Nakano Y-TL HF. Photographed specimens: NO Y-TL. Histology: NO. Phylogenetic input: HF.