About the Authors

Ana I. Gonçalves

Contributed equally to this work with: Ana I. Gonçalves, Márcia T. Rodrigues

Affiliations 3B’s Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, Univ. of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal, ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

Márcia T. Rodrigues

Contributed equally to this work with: Ana I. Gonçalves, Márcia T. Rodrigues

Affiliations 3B’s Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, Univ. of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal, ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

Sang-Jin Lee

Affiliation Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Anthony Atala

Affiliation Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

James J. Yoo

Affiliation Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Rui L. Reis

Affiliations 3B’s Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, Univ. of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal, ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

Manuela E. Gomes

megomes@dep.uminho.pt

Affiliations 3B’s Research Group, Department of Polymer Engineering, Univ. of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal, ICVS/3B’s - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AIG MTR MEG. Performed the experiments: AIG MTR. Analyzed the data: AIG MTR MEG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SJL JJY RLR MEG AA. Wrote the paper: AIG MTR MEG RLR.