About the Authors

Andrea L. Ciaranello

* . E-mail: aciaranello@partners.org

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Bethany L. Morris

Affiliation Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Rochelle P. Walensky

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Milton C. Weinstein

Affiliation Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Samuel Ayaya

Affiliation Department of Child Health and Pediatrics, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya

Kathleen Doherty

Affiliation Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Valeriane Leroy

Affiliation Inserm, Unit 897, Institut de Santé Publique et de Développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen 2, Bordeaux, France

Taige Hou

Affiliation Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sophie Desmonde

Affiliation Inserm, Unit 897, Institut de Santé Publique et de Développement, Université Bordeaux Segalen 2, Bordeaux, France

Zhigang Lu

Affiliation Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Farzad Noubary

Affiliation Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kunjal Patel

Affiliation The Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lynn Ramirez-Avila

Affiliations Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Elena Losina

Affiliations Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Medicine, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

George R. Seage III

Affiliation The Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kenneth A. Freedberg

Affiliations Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of General Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Medical Practice Evaluation Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Center for AIDS Research, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ALC BLM RPW KD KF. Performed the experiments: ALC BLM KD. Analyzed the data: ALC BLM KD RPW MCW KF EL SA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ALC RPW KF EL SA. Wrote the manuscript: ALC BLM KD. Critically reviewed all model results and contributed to drafting and revising the manuscript: ALC, BLM, RPW,MCW, SA, KD, VL, TH, SD, ZL, FN, KP, LRA, EL, GS, KF.