About the Authors

J. Max Goodson

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mary Tavares

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Xiaoshan Wang

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Richard Niederman

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Maryann Cugini

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hatice Hasturk

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Roula Barake

Affiliation Nutritional Services, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Osama Alsmadi

Affiliation Biomedical Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Sabiha Al-Mutawa

Affiliation Oral Health, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Jitendra Ariga

Affiliation School Oral Health Program, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Pramod Soparkar

Affiliation Applied Oral Sciences, the Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jawad Behbehani

Affiliation Administration, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Kazem Behbehani

Affiliation Administration, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMG MT MC HH RB OA SA JA JB KB. Performed the experiments: JA HH MC RB MT PS. Analyzed the data: JMG XW. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMG KB JB JA PS. Wrote the manuscript: JMG MT XW RN MC HH RB OA SA JA JB KB PS.