About the Authors

Peter Andrew Lindsey

plindsey@Panthera.org

Affiliations Lion Program, Panthera, New York, United States of America, Mammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa

Guy Andrew Balme

Affiliations Lion Program, Panthera, New York, United States of America, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Paul Funston

Affiliation Lion Program, Panthera, New York, United States of America

Philipp Henschel

Affiliation Lion Program, Panthera, New York, United States of America

Luke Hunter

Affiliation Lion Program, Panthera, New York, United States of America

Hilary Madzikanda

Affiliation Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority, Harare, Mashonaland East, Zimbabwe

Neil Midlane

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa

Vincent Nyirenda

Affiliation Zambia Wildlife Authority, Chilanga, Lusaka Province, Zambia

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PAL GB NM. Performed the experiments: PAL GB NM. Analyzed the data: PAL GB NM LH HM VN PF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: PAL GB NM LH HM VN PF. Wrote the paper: PAL GB NM LH HM VN PF.