About the Authors

Webster Mavhu

wmavhu@gmail.com

Affiliations Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe (CeSHHAR Zimbabwe), Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Jessica Berwick

Affiliation Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Petronella Chirawu

Affiliation Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe

Memory Makamba

Affiliation Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe

Andrew Copas

Affiliation Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Jeffrey Dirawo

Affiliations Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe (CeSHHAR Zimbabwe), Harare, Zimbabwe

Nicola Willis

Affiliation Africaid, Harare, Zimbabwe

Ricardo Araya

Affiliation School of Social and Community Medicine, Bristol, United Kingdom

Melanie A. Abas

Affiliation Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, London, United Kingdom

Elizabeth L. Corbett

Affiliation London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Stanley Mungofa

Affiliation Harare City Health Department, Harare, Zimbabwe

Susan M. Laver

Affiliation CCORE (Collaborating Centre for Operational Research & Evaluation), UNICEF, Harare, Zimbabwe

Frances M. Cowan

Affiliations Zimbabwe AIDS Prevention Project, Department of Community Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS Research Zimbabwe (CeSHHAR Zimbabwe), Harare, Zimbabwe, Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FMC WM NW JD. Performed the experiments: WM PC MM. Analyzed the data: WM JB AC PC MM JD. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JB AC NW FMC RA MAA ELC SM SML. Wrote the paper: WM JB PC MM AC JD NW RA MAA ELC SM SML FMC. Helped with data interpretation and guided the analysis: NW RA MAA AC ELC SM SML.