About the Authors

Valéry Ridde

valery.ridde@umontreal.ca

Affiliation University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) and School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada

Thomas Druetz

Affiliation University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) and School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada

Serge Poppy

Affiliation Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Seni Kouanda

Affiliation Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

Slim Haddad

Affiliation University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM) and School of Public Health, Montreal, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VR SH TD SK. Performed the experiments: SP TD VR. Analyzed the data: SP TD VR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SH SK. Wrote the paper: VR TD. Improved the paper and approved the final version of the article: VR TD SP SK SH.