About the Authors

Regina Joice

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marc Lipsitch

mlipsitc@hsph.harvard.edu

Affiliations Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Marc Lipsitch receives consulting income and honoraria from Pfizer and Novartis. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ML. Performed the experiments: ML RJ. Analyzed the data: ML RJ. Wrote the paper: ML RJ.