About the Authors

Gavin M. Rudge

g.rudge@bham.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Mohammed A. Mohammed

Affiliation University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom

Sally C. Fillingham

Affiliation School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Alan Girling

Affiliation School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Khesh Sidhu

Affiliation Welsh Health Specialised Services Team, Caerphilly, Wales, United Kingdom

Andrew J. Stevens

Affiliation School of Health and Population Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GR MAM. Performed the experiments: GR MAM. Analyzed the data: GR SF MAM. Wrote the paper: GR MAM AJS. Undertook data processing cleaning and verification, data linkage and some GIS work: SF. Provided methodological steering and specialist statistical advice and comments on the final draft: AG. Provided raw data and comments on the final draft: KS.