About the Authors

Kenneth M. Shermock

kenneth@jhmi.edu

Affiliations Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Brandyn D. Lau

Affiliations Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Elliott R. Haut

Affiliations Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Deborah B. Hobson

Affiliations Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Valerie S. Ganetsky

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Peggy S. Kraus

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Leigh E. Efird

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Christoph U. Lehmann

Affiliation Division of Health Sciences Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Brian L. Pinto

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Patricia A. Ross

Affiliation Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Michael B. Streiff

Affiliations Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, The Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

Dr. MBS has received research funding from Sanofi-Aventis and Bristol Myers Squibb, honoraria for CME lectures from Sanofi-Aventis and Ortho-McNeil, consulted for Sanofi-Aventis, Eisai, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Janssen HealthCare and has given expert witness testimony in various medical malpractice cases. Dr. ERH is the Primary Investigator of a Mentored Clinician Scientist Development Award K08 1K08HS017952-01 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality entitled “Does Screening Variability Make DVT an Unreliable Quality Measure of Trauma Care?” Dr. ERH receives royalties from Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins for the book “Avoiding Common ICU Errors” and has given expert witness testimony in various medical malpractice cases. Dr. CUL receives royalties from Springer for the book “Pediatric Informatics” and serves on the board of the American Medical Informatics Association. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KMS ERH VSG MBS PSK BLP LEE. Performed the experiments: KMS BDL VSG CUL. Analyzed the data: KMS BDL ERH DBH VSG PSK LEE CUL BLP PAR MBS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KMS CUL BDL. Wrote the paper: KMS BDL ERH CUL MBS.