About the Authors

Giovanni B. Brandani

Affiliation SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Marieke Schor

Affiliation SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Cait E. MacPhee

Affiliation SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Helmut Grubmüller

Affiliation Department of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany

Ulrich Zachariae

u.zachariae@dundee.ac.uk (UZ); dmarendu@ed.ac.uk (DM)

Affiliations SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, Division of Computational Biology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom, Division of Physics, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, United Kingdom

Davide Marenduzzo

u.zachariae@dundee.ac.uk (UZ); dmarendu@ed.ac.uk (DM)

Affiliation SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: GB HG UZ DM. Performed the experiments: GB MS. Analyzed the data: GB DM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MS CEM. Wrote the paper: GB MS CEM HG UZ DM.