About the Authors

James D. Stephenson

Contributed equally to this work with: James D. Stephenson, Lydia J. Hallis

jds@ifa.hawaii.edu

Affiliation NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Lydia J. Hallis

Contributed equally to this work with: James D. Stephenson, Lydia J. Hallis

Affiliations NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Kazuhide Nagashima

Affiliation Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Stephen J. Freeland

Affiliation NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JDS SJF. Performed the experiments: LJH JDS KN. Analyzed the data: LJH KN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KN. Wrote the paper: JDS LJH SJF.