About the Authors

Alparslan Turan

turana@ccf.org

Affiliation Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Martin Grady

Affiliations Department of Regional Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Jing You

Affiliations Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Edward J. Mascha

Affiliations Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Worasak Keeyapaj

Current address: Assistant in Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Ryu Komatsu

Affiliation Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

C. Allen Bashour

Affiliation Department of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Daniel I. Sessler

Affiliations Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America, Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

Leif Saager

Affiliation Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Andrea Kurz

Affiliation Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AT MG WK AK DS RK. Performed the experiments: AT MG JY EM AK. Analyzed the data: JY EM. Wrote the paper: AT MG JY EM CAB DS LS AK RK.