About the Authors

Pengxiang She

Affiliation Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Kristine C. Olson

Affiliation Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Yoshihiro Kadota

Affiliation Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Ayami Inukai

Affiliation Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Yoshiharu Shimomura

Affiliation Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

Charles L. Hoppel

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America

Sean H. Adams

Affiliation Obesity and Metabolism Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service Western Human Nutrition Research Center, and Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America

Yasuko Kawamata

Affiliation Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto. Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan

Hideki Matsumoto

Affiliation Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto. Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan

Ryosei Sakai

Affiliation Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto. Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Japan

Charles H. Lang

Affiliation Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Christopher J. Lynch

clynch@psu.edu

Affiliation Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, the Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

Yasuko Kawamata, Hideki Matsumoto and Ryosei Sakai are employed by the Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto. Co., Inc. The only financial support provided by Ajinomoto was directly related to the costs of their analyses performed at their site. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PS KCO YS CLH SHA RS Y. Kawamata HM CHL CJL. Performed the experiments: PS KCO Y. Kadota AI YS CLH Y. Kawamata HM RS CHL CJL. Analyzed the data: PS KCO Y. Kadota AI YS CLH SHA Y. Kawamata HM RS CHL CJL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: YS CLH Y. Kawamata HM RS CHL CJL. Wrote the paper: PS KCO YS CLH SHA RS MH CHL.