About the Authors

Rebecca M. Turner

rebecca.turner@mrc-bsu.cam.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Sheila M. Bird

Affiliation MRC Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Public Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Julian P. T. Higgins

Affiliations School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

RMT and JPTH declare that no competing interests exist. The authors have the following interest. SMB holds Glaxo shares. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as detailed online in the guide for authors.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: SMB JPTH. Performed the experiments: RMT SMB JPTH. Analyzed the data: RMT. Wrote the paper: RMT SMB JPTH.