About the Authors

Jiannong Shi

Contributed equally to this work with: Jiannong Shi, Ting Tao

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, Department of Learning and Philosophy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

Ting Tao

Contributed equally to this work with: Jiannong Shi, Ting Tao

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Wei Chen

Affiliations Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Li Cheng

Affiliation Faculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

Long Wang

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

Xingli Zhang

zhangxl@psych.a.cn

Affiliation Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: XZ TT JS. Performed the experiments: WC LW XZ. Analyzed the data: TT. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: WC LC. Wrote the paper: TT XZ.