About the Authors

Julia Salzman

Contributed equally to this work with: Julia Salzman, Daniel M. Klass

julia.salzman@stanford.edu (JS); pbrown@stanford.edu (POB)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Daniel M. Klass

Contributed equally to this work with: Julia Salzman, Daniel M. Klass

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Patrick O. Brown

julia.salzman@stanford.edu (JS); pbrown@stanford.edu (POB)

Affiliations Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived of the normalization algorithm and participated in its design: JS DMK. Participated in writing the R implementation of the normalization algorithm: JS DMK. Formulated the statistical model and statistical estimators: JS. Implemented the algorithm and tested the performance of the algorithm on published experimental data: DMK. Conceived and designed the experiments: JS DMK. Performed the experiments: JS DMK. Analyzed the data: JS DMK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JS DMK POB. Wrote the paper: JS DMK POB.