About the Authors

Ida Beate Ø. Østhus

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Antonella Sgura

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy

Francesco Berardinelli

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Rome, Italy

Ingvild Vatten Alsnes

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Eivind Brønstad

Affiliations K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Sports and Physical Activity Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Tommy Rehn

Affiliations K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway, Centre for Sports and Physical Activity Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Per Kristian Støbakk

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Håvard Hatle

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Ulrik Wisløff

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Javaid Nauman

javaid.nauman@ntnu.no

Affiliation K. G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IBØØ UW JN. Performed the experiments: IBØØ AS FB IVA EB TR PKS HH. Analyzed the data: IBØØ JN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AS FB IVA EB TR PKS HH. Wrote the paper: IBØØ AS FB UW JN.