About the Authors

GaneshPrasad ArunKumar

Contributed equally to this work with: GaneshPrasad ArunKumar, David F. Soria-Hernanz, Valampuri John Kavitha

Affiliations The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelampakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

David F. Soria-Hernanz

Contributed equally to this work with: GaneshPrasad ArunKumar, David F. Soria-Hernanz, Valampuri John Kavitha

Affiliations National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America, Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-UPF), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain

Valampuri John Kavitha

Contributed equally to this work with: GaneshPrasad ArunKumar, David F. Soria-Hernanz, Valampuri John Kavitha

Affiliations The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Department of Biotechnology, Mother Teresa Women's University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India

Varatharajan Santhakumari Arun

Affiliation The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Adhikarla Syama

Affiliation The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Kumaran Samy Ashokan

Affiliation Nilgiri Adivasi Welfare Association, Kota Hall Road, Kothagiri, Tamil Nadu, India

Kavandanpatti Thangaraj Gandhirajan

Affiliation Government College of Fine Arts, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Koothapuli Vijayakumar

Affiliation Nilgiri Adivasi Welfare Association, Kota Hall Road, Kothagiri, Tamil Nadu, India

Muthuswamy Narayanan

Affiliation Department of Zoology, St. Xaviers College, Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu, India

Mariakuttikan Jayalakshmi

Affiliation The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Janet S. Ziegle

Affiliation Applied Biosystems, Foster City, California, United States of America

Ajay K. Royyuru

Affiliation Computational Biology Group, IBM - Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Laxmi Parida

Affiliation Computational Biology Group, IBM - Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, New York, United States of America

R. Spencer Wells

Affiliation National Geographic Society, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

Colin Renfrew

Affiliation McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Theodore G. Schurr

Affiliation Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Chris Tyler Smith

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom

Daniel E. Platt

Affiliation Computational Biology Group, IBM - Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, New York, United States of America

Ramasamy Pitchappan

pitchappanrm@yahoo.co.uk

Affiliations The Genographic Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelampakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

The Genographic Consortium

Consortium members are listed in Acknowledgements.

Competing Interests

Janet S. Ziegle is an employee of Applied Biosystems. Ajay K. Royyuru, Laxmi Parida and Daniell E. Platt are employees of IBM. Asif Javed and Pandikumar Swamikrishnan, both members of the Genographic Consortium are also employees of IBM. There is no patenting or profit making to be declared. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: VJK AKR RSW RMP. Performed the experiments: GA VJK VSA AS KSA JSZ RMP. Analyzed the data: GA VJK DFSH LP CTS DEP RMP. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DFSH JSZ LP DEP. Wrote the paper: GA DFSH CR TGS CTS DEP RMP. Field work, sample identification and collection of samples and demographic data: GA VJK VSA AS KSA KTG KV MN MJ RMP.