About the Authors

Anita Morandi

froguel@good.ibl.fr (PF); anita.morandi@voila.fr (AM)

Affiliations Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Regional Centre for Juvenile Diabetes, Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

David Meyre

Affiliations Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

Stéphane Lobbens

Affiliation Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France

Ken Kleinman

Affiliation Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marika Kaakinen

Affiliation Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman

Affiliation Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Vincent Vatin

Affiliation Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France

Stefan Gaget

Affiliation Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France

Anneli Pouta

Affiliations Department of Children, Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Anna-Liisa Hartikainen

Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine/Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Jaana Laitinen

Affiliation Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland

Aimo Ruokonen

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences and Clinical Chemistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

Shikta Das

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Anokhi Ali Khan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Paul Elliott

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Claudio Maffeis

Affiliation Regional Centre for Juvenile Diabetes, Obesity and Clinical Nutrition, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

Matthew W. Gillman

Affiliation Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marjo-Riitta Järvelin

Contributed equally to this work with: Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Philippe Froguel

Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences and Biocenter, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, Department of Life Course and Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland

Philippe Froguel

Contributed equally to this work with: Marjo-Riitta Järvelin, Philippe Froguel

froguel@good.ibl.fr (PF); anita.morandi@voila.fr (AM)

Affiliations Unité Mixte de Recherche 8199, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Pasteur Institute, Lille, France, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AM DM PF. Performed the experiments: SL SG VV. Analyzed the data: AM KK SLR-S. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SL MK SG VV. Wrote the paper: AM. Cohort investigators: M-RJ CM MG KK SLR-S MK AP A-LH JL AR SD AAK. Supervised the study: PE M-RJ PF. Equally contributed as last authors: M-RJ PF. Equal corresponding authors: AM PF.