About the Authors
- Philippa C. Matthews
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Contributed equally to this work with: Philippa C. Matthews, Jennifer Listgarten
* E-mail: p.matthews@doctors.org.uk
Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Jennifer Listgarten
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Contributed equally to this work with: Philippa C. Matthews, Jennifer Listgarten
Affiliation eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Jonathan M. Carlson
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Affiliation eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Rebecca Payne
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Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kuan-Hsiang Gary Huang
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Affiliation Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- John Frater
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Affiliation Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Dominique Goedhals
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Affiliation Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of the Free State/National Health Laboratory Services, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Dewald Steyn
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Cloete van Vuuren
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Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Paolo Paioni
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Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Pieter Jooste
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Affiliation Paediatric Department, University of Free State, Kimberley Hospital, Kimberley, Northern Cape, South Africa
- Anthony Ogwu
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Affiliation Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Roger Shapiro
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Affiliations Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Zenele Mncube
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Affiliation HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Thumbi Ndung'u
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Affiliations HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Bruce D. Walker
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Affiliations HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa, Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- David Heckerman
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Affiliation eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Philip J. R. Goulder
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Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa
Competing Interests
JL, JC, and DH are employees of Microsoft and own stock in the company. This does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
Author Contributions
Conceived and designed the experiments: PM JL JC JF DH PG. Performed the experiments: JL JC DH. Analyzed the data: PM JL JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JL JC DH. Wrote the paper: PM JL JC DH PG. Designed the software used in analysis: JL JC DH. Managed clinical cohorts/contributed patient data for analysis: PM RP KH JF DG DS CV PP PJ AO RS ZM TN BW.