About the Authors

Mary B. Pierce

m.pierce@nshd.mrc.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, England

Richard J. Silverwood

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England

Dorothea Nitsch

Affiliation Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England

Judith E. Adams

Affiliation Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, England

Alison M. Stephen

Affiliation MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, England

Wing Nip

Affiliation MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, England

Peter Macfarlane

Affiliation Electrocardiology Section, Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland

Andrew Wong

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, England

Marcus Richards

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, England

Rebecca Hardy

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, England

Diana Kuh

Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, England

on behalf of the NSHD Scientific and Data Collection Teams

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DK MP JA PM DN MR RH. Performed the experiments: AW DK MR MP NSHD Data Collection Team. Analyzed the data: PM JA WN AS RS. Wrote the paper: MP DK. Revised the manuscript: MP RS DN JA AS WN PM AW MR RH DK.