About the Authors

Miguel Angel Martínez-González

mamartinez@unav.es

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Ana García-Arellano

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Estefanía Toledo

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Human Nutrition Department, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain

Pilar Buil-Cosiales

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

Dolores Corella

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

Maria Isabel Covas

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Helmut Schröder

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research Group, Institut de Recerca Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain

Fernando Arós

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Alava, Vitoria, Spain

Enrique Gómez-Gracia

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

Miquel Fiol

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Health Sciences IUNICS, University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Valentina Ruiz-Gutiérrez

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Sevilla, Spain

José Lapetra

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Division of Sevilla, San Pablo Health Center, Sevilla, Spain

Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventos

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Pharmacy, XaRTA, INSA, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Lluís Serra-Majem

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain

Xavier Pintó

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain

Miguel Angel Muñoz

Affiliation Primary Care Division, Catalonian Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain

Julia Wärnberg

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain

Emilio Ros

Affiliations CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

Ramón Estruch

Affiliations PREDIMED (“Prevención con dieta mediterránea”) Network (RD 06/0045), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spanish Government, Madrid, Spain, Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

for the PREDIMED Study Investigators

Competing Interests

The authors declare the following consultancies: E. Ros (California Walnut Commission) and J. Salas-Salvadó (International Nut Council); Grants Received: E. Ros (California Walnut Commission) and J. Salas-Salvadó (International Nut Council). None of the other authors declare a conflict of interest.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MAM-G RE. Performed the experiments: MAM-G RE AG-A PB-C DC FA EG-G MF JL LS-M XP. Analyzed the data: MAM-G AG-A ET. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DC MIC FA EG-G MF JL LS-M XP. Wrote the paper: MAM-G AG-A ET JS-S PB-C DC MIC HS FA EG-G MF VR-G JL RML-R LS-M XP MAM JW ER RE. Received funding: MAM-G DC MIC EG-G MF VR-G JL RML-R LS-M XP RE. Recruited participants: AG-A PB-C DC MIC FA EG-G MF JL LS-M XP MAM RE. Read the final version and approved the manuscript and contributed to substantial intellectual content: MAM-G AG-A ET JS-S PB-C DC MIC HS FA EG-G MF VR-G JL RML-R LS-M XP MAM JW ER RE.