About the Authors

Audrius V. Avizienis

Contributed equally to this work with: Audrius V. Avizienis, Henry O. Sillin

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Henry O. Sillin

Contributed equally to this work with: Audrius V. Avizienis, Henry O. Sillin

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Cristina Martin-Olmos

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Hsien Hang Shieh

Affiliation California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Masakazu Aono

Affiliation World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Adam Z. Stieg

stieg@cnsi.ucla.edu

Affiliations California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

James K. Gimzewski

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, World Premier International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MA AZS JKG. Performed the experiments: AVA HOS CMO. Analyzed the data: AVA HOS HHS AZS JKG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HHS. Wrote the paper: AVA HOS CMO HHS MA AZS JKG.