About the Authors

Emily Nicholson

emily.nicholson@unimelb.edu.au

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom, School of Botany, the University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Ben Collen

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Alberto Barausse

Affiliation Environmental Systems Analysis Lab, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

Julia L. Blanchard

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom, Department of Animal & Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Brendan T. Costelloe

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Kathryn M. E. Sullivan

Affiliations Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom, Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Fiona M. Underwood

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, United Kingdom

Robert W. Burn

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, United Kingdom

Steffen Fritz

Affiliation International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria

Julia P. G. Jones

Affiliation School of Environment, Natural Resources and Geography, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom

Louise McRae

Affiliation Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, United Kingdom

Hugh P. Possingham

Affiliation The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia

E. J. Milner-Gulland

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EN BC EJMG HPP JLB. Performed the experiments: EN BC AB BTC KMES. Analyzed the data: EN BC AB BTC KMES JLB LM. Wrote the paper: EN BC AB BTC KMES FMU HPP EJMG. Conceptual model: EN JLB FMU RWB SF JPGJ HPP EJMG.