About the Authors

Astanand Jugessur

Contributed equally to this work with: Astanand Jugessur, Øivind Skare

astanand.jugessur@fhi.no

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Craniofacial Research, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Australia

Øivind Skare

Contributed equally to this work with: Astanand Jugessur, Øivind Skare

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Rolv T. Lie

Affiliations Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway, Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

Allen J. Wilcox

Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (National Institute of Health, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Kaare Christensen

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark, Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark

Lene Christiansen

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Truc Trung Nguyen

Affiliation Medical Birth Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway

Jeffrey C. Murray

Affiliation Departments of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biological Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America

Håkon K. Gjessing

Affiliations Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AJ ØS RTL AJW KC JCM HKG. Performed the experiments: AJ ØS HKG. Analyzed the data: AJ ØS HKG. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AJ ØS LC HKG RTL AJW JCM TTN. Wrote the paper: AJ ØS HKG AJW JCM.