About the Authors

Dhara A. Patel

Affiliation Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Anand C. Patel

Affiliations Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

William C. Nolan

Affiliation Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Yong Zhang

Affiliation Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Michael J. Holtzman

holtzmanm@wustl.edu

Affiliations Drug Discovery Program, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

DAP is the recipient of a Roche Postdoctoral Fellowship, and MJH is the principal investigator for research grants to Washington University from Hoffmann-La Roche and Forest Labs. These awards do not alter the authors' adherence to all of the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DAP ACP MJH. Performed the experiments: DAP WCN YZ. Analyzed the data: DAP ACP. Wrote the paper: DAP MJH.