About the Authors

Samina Asad

Contributed equally to this work with: Samina Asad, Pernilla Nikamo

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Pernilla Nikamo

Contributed equally to this work with: Samina Asad, Pernilla Nikamo

Affiliation Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Alexandra Gyllenberg

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Hedvig Bennet

Affiliations Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden

Ola Hansson

Affiliations Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund, University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden

Nils Wierup

Affiliations Neuroendocrine cell biology, Department of Clinical Science, Lund, University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden

Diabetes Incidence in Sweden Study Group

¤ For a full list of the members of the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden Study (DISS) Group please see the Acknowledgments section.

Annelie Carlsson

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden

Gun Forsander

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

Sten-Anders Ivarsson

Affiliation Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Helena Larsson

Affiliation Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Åke Lernmark

Affiliation Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden

Bengt Lindblad

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, the Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden

Johnny Ludvigsson

Affiliation Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Diabetes Research Center, Linköping University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden

Claude Marcus

Affiliation Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, National Childhood Obesity Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Kjersti S. Rønningen

Affiliation Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Jan Nerup

Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

Flemming Pociot

Affiliations Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Glostrup Research Institute, University Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark

Holger Luthman

Affiliations Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden

Malin Fex

Affiliations Diabetes and Celiac Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund, Sweden

Ingrid Kockum

ingrid.kockum@ki.se

Affiliation Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PN NW ÅL JN FP H. Luthman KR CM MF IK. Performed the experiments: SA PN AG HB OH MF. Analyzed the data: SA PN AG OH NW MF IK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AC GF SAI ÅL BL JL CM KR JN FP IK H. Larsson. Wrote the paper: SA PN AG H. Luthman MF IK.