About the Authors

Ayumi Tezuka
Noe Matsushima
Yoriko Nemoto
Hiroshi D. Akashi
Masakado Kawata

kawata@m.tohoku.ac.jp (MK); tamakino@m.tohoku.ac.jp (TM)

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Takashi Makino

kawata@m.tohoku.ac.jp (MK); tamakino@m.tohoku.ac.jp (TM)

Affiliation Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AT MK TM. Performed the experiments: AT NM YN HDA. Analyzed the data: AT MK TM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: TM. Wrote the paper: AT MK TM.