About the Authors

Robert J. Miller

miller@msi.ucsb.edu

Affiliations Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

Samuel Bennett

Affiliations Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

Arturo A. Keller

Affiliations Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

Scott Pease

Affiliations Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Hunter S. Lenihan

Affiliations Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, University of California Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RJM HSL SP SB AAK. Performed the experiments: RJM SP SB. Analyzed the data: RJM SB. Wrote the paper: RJM HSL SB AAK.