About the Authors

Dionysis Spanopoulos

mcxds5@nottingham.ac.uk

Affiliations UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Elena Ratschen

Affiliations UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Ann McNeill

Affiliations UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

John Britton

Affiliations UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom, Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DS ER AM JB. Performed the experiments: DS. Analyzed the data: DS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JB. Wrote the paper: DS ER AM JB.