About the Authors

Frank Li

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Andrew R. Mahon

Affiliations Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Aquatic Conservation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, United States of America

Matthew A. Barnes

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Aquatic Conservation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Jeffery Feder

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Aquatic Conservation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

David M. Lodge

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Aquatic Conservation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Ching-Ting Hwang

Affiliations Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Aquatic Conservation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Robert Schafer

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Steven T. Ruggiero

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Carol E. Tanner

ctanner@nd.edu

Affiliation Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: FL ARM JF DML STR CET. Performed the experiments: FL ARM MAB CTH RS. Analyzed the data: FL CTH RS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FL ARM MAB CTH RS. Wrote the paper: ARM STR CET.